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Describe the historical development of acupuncture, meridian theory and classical five-element theory, and relate these concepts to modern podiatric practice.
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Understand indications and contraindications for manual acupuncture
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Apply evidence-based clinical reasoning to formulate and justify acupuncture treatment plans for conditions including lateral ankle pain, hallux disorders, heel pain, plantar plate syndrome, cuboid syndrome.
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Select and accurately locate acupuncture points and myofascial trigger points for lower-limb musculoskeletal disorders affecting the foot, ankle, knee and related structures.
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Explain myofascial pain and its management, including the role of myofascial trigger points, dry needling and relevant classical acupuncture points.
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Describe selected meridian pathways, point functions, diagnosis and pathology relevant to the lower limb and associated musculoskeletal presentations.
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Explain the local, segmental and central physiological effects of acupuncture in pain management
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Critically appraise acupuncture evidence, reflect on clinical outcomes and use case-based learning to improve personal practice.
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Recognise red flags and emergency conditions requiring referral to, or consultation with, other healthcare providers.